Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Market Research Report 2021 Professional Edition
Date: Mar-2021 | Id: MACRC-5602 | Geographical Scope: Global | Publisher: HNY Research
The research team projects that the Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) market size will grow from XXX in 2020 to XXX by 2027, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2027. The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing with 10 major regions and 50 major countries. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better. By Market Players: Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial Sigma-Aldrich TCI Chemicals New-Tech Chemicals Jiangsu Lianxiong Lianxing Chemical Fuerxin Medicine Chemical Demand Chemical Suzhou Lianxiong Superfine Chemical By Type Content =80% Content <80% By Application Textiles Flame Retardants Bactericides Other By Regions/Countries: North America United States Canada Mexico East Asia China Japan South Korea Europe Germany United Kingdom France Italy Russia Spain Netherlands Switzerland Poland South Asia India Pakistan Bangladesh Southeast Asia Indonesia Thailand Singapore Malaysia Philippines Vietnam Myanmar Middle East Turkey Saudi Arabia Iran United Arab Emirates Israel Iraq Qatar Kuwait Oman Africa Nigeria South Africa Egypt Algeria Morocoo Oceania Australia New Zealand South America Brazil Argentina Colombia Chile Venezuela Peru Puerto Rico Ecuador Rest of the World Kazakhstan Points Covered in The Report The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc. The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analyzed 12 years data history and forecast. The growth factors of the market is discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail. Data and information by market player, by region, by type, by application and etc, and custom research can be added according to specific requirements. The report contains the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report contains the conclusion part where the opinions of the industrial experts are included. Key Reasons to Purchase To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape. Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk. To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market. Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations. To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market. Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements. The report focuses on Global, Top 10 Regions and Top 50 Countries Market Size of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2027 including industries, major players/suppliers worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the market including their market status and development trend by types and applications which will provide its price and profit status, and marketing status & market growth drivers and challenges, with base year as 2020. Key Indicators Analysed Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2016-2021 & Sales by Product Types. Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2022-2027. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its production, consumption, import & export, sales volume & revenue forecast. Market Analysis by Product Type: The report covers majority Product Types in the Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Industry, including its product specifcations by each key player, volume, sales by Volume and Value (M USD). Markat Analysis by Application Type: Based on the Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Industry and its applications, the market is further sub-segmented into several major Application of its industry. It provides you with the market size, CAGR & forecast by each industry applications. Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations. Opportunities and <b>Drivers:</b> Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology Porters Five Force Analysis: The report will provide with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry. COVID-19 Impact Report covers Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost every country around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) market in 2021. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor/outdoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.
1 Report Overview 1.1 Study Scope 1.2 Key Market Segments 1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Revenue 1.4 Market Analysis by Type 1.4.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2021 VS 2027 1.4.2 Content =80% 1.4.3 Content <80% 1.5 Market by Application 1.5.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Market Share by Application: 2022-2027 1.5.2 Textiles Flame Retardants 1.5.3 Bactericides 1.5.4 Other 1.6 Study Objectives 1.7 Years Considered 1.8 Overview of Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Market 1.8.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Market Status and Outlook (2016-2027) 1.8.2 North America 1.8.3 East Asia 1.8.4 Europe 1.8.5 South Asia 1.8.6 Southeast Asia 1.8.7 Middle East 1.8.8 Africa 1.8.9 Oceania 1.8.10 South America 1.8.11 Rest of the World 2 Market Competition by Manufacturers 2.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021) 2.2 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021) 2.3 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021) 2.4 Manufacturers Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Sites, Area Served, Product Type 3 Sales by Region 3.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2016-2021) 3.2 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021) 3.3 North America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume 3.3.1 North America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.3.2 North America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.4 East Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume 3.4.1 East Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.4.2 East Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.5 Europe Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.5.1 Europe Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.5.2 Europe Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.6 South Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.6.1 South Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.6.2 South Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.7 Southeast Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.7.1 Southeast Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.7.2 Southeast Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.8 Middle East Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.8.1 Middle East Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.8.2 Middle East Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.9 Africa Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.9.1 Africa Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.9.2 Africa Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.10 Oceania Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.10.1 Oceania Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.10.2 Oceania Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.11 South America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.11.1 South America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.11.2 South America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.12 Rest of the World Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume (2016-2021) 3.12.1 Rest of the World Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.12.2 Rest of the World Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 4 North America 4.1 North America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 4.2 United States 4.3 Canada 4.4 Mexico 5 East Asia 5.1 East Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 5.2 China 5.3 Japan 5.4 South Korea 6 Europe 6.1 Europe Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 6.2 Germany 6.3 United Kingdom 6.4 France 6.5 Italy 6.6 Russia 6.7 Spain 6.8 Netherlands 6.9 Switzerland 6.10 Poland 7 South Asia 7.1 South Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 7.2 India 7.3 Pakistan 7.4 Bangladesh 8 Southeast Asia 8.1 Southeast Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 8.2 Indonesia 8.3 Thailand 8.4 Singapore 8.5 Malaysia 8.6 Philippines 8.7 Vietnam 8.8 Myanmar 9 Middle East 9.1 Middle East Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 9.2 Turkey 9.3 Saudi Arabia 9.4 Iran 9.5 United Arab Emirates 9.6 Israel 9.7 Iraq 9.8 Qatar 9.9 Kuwait 9.10 Oman 10 Africa 10.1 Africa Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 10.2 Nigeria 10.3 South Africa 10.4 Egypt 10.5 Algeria 10.6 Morocco 11 Oceania 11.1 Oceania Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 11.2 Australia 11.3 New Zealand 12 South America 12.1 South America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 12.2 Brazil 12.3 Argentina 12.4 Columbia 12.5 Chile 12.6 Venezuela 12.7 Peru 12.8 Puerto Rico 12.9 Ecuador 13 Rest of the World 13.1 Rest of the World Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption by Countries 13.2 Kazakhstan 14 Sales Volume, Sales Revenue, Sales Price Trend by Type 14.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2016-2021) 14.2 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021) 14.3 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Sales Price by Type (2016-2021) 15 Consumption Analysis by Application 15.1 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption Volume by Application (2016-2021) 15.2 Global Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Consumption Value by Application (2016-2021) 16 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Business 16.1 Hubei Xingfa Chemicals 16.1.1 Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Company Profile 16.1.2 Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.1.3 Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.2 Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial 16.2.1 Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial Company Profile 16.2.2 Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.2.3 Jiangsu Kangxiang Industrial Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.3 Sigma-Aldrich 16.3.1 Sigma-Aldrich Company Profile 16.3.2 Sigma-Aldrich Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.3.3 Sigma-Aldrich Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.4 TCI Chemicals 16.4.1 TCI Chemicals Company Profile 16.4.2 TCI Chemicals Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.4.3 TCI Chemicals Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.5 New-Tech Chemicals 16.5.1 New-Tech Chemicals Company Profile 16.5.2 New-Tech Chemicals Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.5.3 New-Tech Chemicals Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.6 Jiangsu Lianxiong 16.6.1 Jiangsu Lianxiong Company Profile 16.6.2 Jiangsu Lianxiong Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.6.3 Jiangsu Lianxiong Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.7 Lianxing Chemical 16.7.1 Lianxing Chemical Company Profile 16.7.2 Lianxing Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.7.3 Lianxing Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.8 Fuerxin Medicine Chemical 16.8.1 Fuerxin Medicine Chemical Company Profile 16.8.2 Fuerxin Medicine Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.8.3 Fuerxin Medicine Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.9 Demand Chemical 16.9.1 Demand Chemical Company Profile 16.9.2 Demand Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.9.3 Demand Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 16.10 Suzhou Lianxiong Superfine Chemical 16.10.1 Suzhou Lianxiong Superfine Chemical Company Profile 16.10.2 Suzhou Lianxiong Superfine Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Product Specification 16.10.3 Suzhou Lianxiong Superfine Chemical Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 17 Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Manufacturing Cost Analysis 17.1 Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Key Raw Materials Analysis 17.1.1 Key Raw Materials 17.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 17.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) 17.4 Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Industrial Chain Analysis 18 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers 18.1 Marketing Channel 18.2 Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Distributors List 18.3 Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Customers 19 Market Dynamics 19.1 Market Trends 19.2 Opportunities and Drivers 19.3 Challenges 19.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 20 Production and Supply Forecast 20.1 Global Forecasted Production of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) (2022-2027) 20.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) (2022-2027) 20.3 Global Forecasted Price of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) (2016-2027) 20.4 Global Forecasted Production of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Region (2022-2027) 20.4.1 North America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.2 East Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.3 Europe Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.4 South Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.5 Southeast Asia Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.6 Middle East Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.7 Africa Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.8 Oceania Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.9 South America Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.4.10 Rest of the World Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 20.5 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027) 20.5.1 Global Sales Volume, Sales Revenue and Sales Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) 20.5.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Application (2022-2027) 21 Consumption and Demand Forecast 21.1 North America Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.2 East Asia Market Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Countriy 21.4 South Asia Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.5 Southeast Asia Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.6 Middle East Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.7 Africa Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.8 Oceania Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.9 South America Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 21.10 Rest of the world Forecasted Consumption of Tetrakis Hydroxymethyl Phosphonium Chloride (124-64-1) by Country 22 Research Findings and Conclusion 23 Methodology and Data Source 23.1 Methodology/Research Approach 23.1.1 Research Programs/Design 23.1.2 Market Size Estimation 23.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 23.2 Data Source 23.2.1 Secondary Sources 23.2.2 Primary Sources 23.3 Disclaimer